| A-1: |
A tourist, who had spent
lots of money in Norway, found that he had only enough money
in his pocket to pay his passage back to England. As it
was only a few days' journey he thought he could easily
dispense with food. He closed his ears to the sound of the
lunch bell, and when dinner time came he refused the invitation
to accompany a fellow traveller to the saloon on the ground
that he did not feel well. |
| A-2: |
However, hunger got the better
of self-control. " I am going to feed,"said he, "even if
they throw me overboard afterwards. I might as well drown
as starve." At the dinner table he ate greedily everthing
put in front of him. Having had his fill, he told the steward
to bring him the bill. "There isn't any bill," was the reply.
"On this ship meals are included in the passage money."
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| B: |
The commonest form of forgetfulness,
I suppose, occurs in the matter of posting letters. So common
is it that I am always reluctant to trust a departing visitor
to post an important letter. So little do I rely on his
memory that I for myself, anyone who asks me to post a letter
is a poor judge of character. Even if I carry the letter
in my hand I am always past the first pillar-box before
I remember that I ought to have posted it. |
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(1)
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",
who" |
関係代名詞の前にコンマがつく場合、これを関係代名詞の継続用法と言い、訳す場合は先行詞のところでいったん切り、そのあとで関係詞以下を訳します。 |
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このコンマのついて継続用法は、"who""which""when""where"の4語に限られ、「接続詞(and,but,for,though)+代名詞(もしくは副詞句)」に書き換えられます。
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There were few
passengers, who got injured in the accident. |
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( =
There were few passengers, but they got injured in the accident.
) |
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(乗客はほとんどいなかったが、彼らはその事故で怪我をした。) |
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cf:There were few
passengers who got injured in the accident. |
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(その事故で怪我をした乗客はほとんどいなかった。)
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"that"はどの関係代名詞にも使えると中学英語で習いましたが、この継続用法には使えませんね。 |
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"that"が使えない関係代名詞をおさらいしておきましょう。 |
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(1)所有格の場合(whose) |
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(2)関係代名詞の前に前置詞がある場合 |
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cf:The house
in which he lives is an old one. |
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(3),関係代名詞(継続用法) |
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(2)
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"lots of""a lot of" |
数えられる名詞、数えられない名詞に使えて便利です。
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"many"は数えられる名詞、"much"は数えられない名詞に付くことは皆さんご存知ですね。でも、"many""much"は肯定文には使わず、疑問文・否定文のみに使われると言うのは、案外知らないのではないかと思います。 |
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この点でも、"lots of""a
lot of"は便利ですね。 |
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尚、"lots of"と"a
lot of"の違いはないようです。英語って変ですね。 |
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| (3) |
"Norway" |
ノルウェー(国名)
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それではここで、ヨーロッパの国名とその形容詞を覚えましょう。
サッカーの結果に便利です。 |
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| ノルウェー |
Norway |
- |
Norwegian |
| ポルトガル |
Portugal |
- |
Portuguese |
| アイルランド |
Ireland |
- |
Irish("Irish Whiskey"のウィスキーは"ky"ではなく、"key"ですね。 |
| オランダ |
Holland |
- |
Dutch→"go Dutch"は「割り勘払い」の意味です。 |
| ギリシャ |
Greece |
- |
Greek |
| トルコ |
Turkey |
- |
Turkish→スペルは七面鳥と同じですね。
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| スコットランド |
Scotland |
- |
Scotch(ウィスキーのスコッチですね),
Scottish |
| スウェーデン |
Sweden |
- |
Swedish |
| フィンランド |
Finland |
- |
Finnish→finish(終える)と発音がまったく同じですね。 |
| デンマーク |
Denmark |
- |
Danish |
| ポーランド |
Poland |
- |
Polish |
| スイス |
Switzerland |
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Swiss→国名が長いので、日本語では形容詞形のスイスにしたのでしょうか? |
| ベルギー |
Belgium |
- |
Belgian |
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| (4) |
"to pay" |
"money"にかかる不定詞の形容詞的用法です。 |
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(5)
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"days'" |
複数形のアポストロフィは"s'"ですね。
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(@)その他 "s'"になる場合のおさらいをしましょう。
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(a) "-s "で終わる複数名詞 |
"a girls' high school"(女子高) |
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(b) "-s "で終わる固有名詞 |
"Jesus' Twelve
Apostles"(イエスの12使徒) |
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(c) "-s "で終わる抽象名詞 |
"for goodness'
sake"(後生だから) |
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(A)無生物でも"'s"、"s'"がつかえるもの |
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名詞の所有格は生物を表す語には"-'s"をつけて作り、無生物質を表す名詞には"of"をつけます。ただ以下のものは無生物でも"-'s"
"s'"をつけて所有格を作ることが出来ます。 |
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(a)時間・距離・金額を表す名詞 |
"today's paper "(今日の新聞) |
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"a ten minutes' walk "(歩いて10分の距離) |
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(b)擬人化された無生物 |
"Nature's law"(自然の法則) |
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(c)慣用句 |
"at a stone's throw"(すぐ近くに) |
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"for mercy's sake"(後生だから) |
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(6)
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"could" |
この"could"は、主節が過去形(thought)なので、時制の一致で過去形になっているだけなので、訳すときはもちろん「〜できる。」と訳します。 |
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| (7) |
"dispense
with" |
「〜なしですませる。」 |
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"dispense with"は"do
withoutに書き換えられます。"
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"I can't dispense
with this." |
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( = "This is indipensable
to me.") |
(これなしにはやっていけない) |
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"I can't do without
this" |
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